{"id":5671,"date":"2017-01-12T12:23:17","date_gmt":"2017-01-12T12:23:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/counsellingtu.onpressidium.com\/?p=5671"},"modified":"2022-07-13T09:17:28","modified_gmt":"2022-07-13T08:17:28","slug":"counselling-frame-of-reference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/","title":{"rendered":"Counselling-Frame of Reference"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t<h1>How to Develop Empathic Understanding<\/h1>\n\t<h2>Counselling &#8211; Frame of Reference<\/h2>\n\t<p>Frame of reference was first used by <a href=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/009-power-in-counselling-carl-rogers-biography-skill-of-challenge-and-psychopathology-vs-person-centred-therapy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carl Rogers<\/a>, the founder of person-centred therapy, in 1959. He believed:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>&#8220;The state of empathy, or being empathic, is to perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy and with the emotional components and meanings which pertain thereto as if one were the person.&#8221;<\/em> (Carl Rogers 1980 P140)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/frame-of-reference-in-counselling.jpg\" alt=\"Carl Rogers on counselling-frame of reference - &quot;Being empathic is to perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy.&quot;\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"280\" width=\"360\" title=\"frame of reference in counselling\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t<p>Rogers felt that <strong>being understood is key for a person to feel secure enough to speak about their difficulties.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t<div id=\"cbox-vODZZySnaq10cn4g\"><\/div>\n\t<h2>How do you enter a client&#8217;s frame of reference?<\/h2>\n\t<p>By listening\u00a0carefully to what the client is saying and<strong> trying to see their perceptual\u00a0world, as they see it.<\/strong> This can be achieved by doing the following things:<\/p>\n\t<ul>\n<li>Be aware that everybody has a unique view of their world and how it impacts them.<\/li>\n<li>Don&#8217;t impose your views or judgments (this may shut the client down).<\/li>\n<li>Use questions only to <a href=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/basic-counselling-skills\/clarifying-and-questions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clarify <\/a>your understanding.<\/li>\n<li>Be patient. Clients may need to build up trust before sharing intimate details of their life.<\/li>\n<li>Be genuine and real in the relationship. Don&#8217;t hide behind a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/saap.za.net\/resources\/26-counsellingskills\/92-skillsforperson-centredcounselling-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professional facade.<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Be warm and accepting toward your\u00a0client.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<h3>The danger of the counsellor&#8217;s frame of reference<\/h3>\n\t<p>A skilled counsellor will be careful to make sure that his or her own frame of reference is <em>not introjected<\/em> into the counselling relationship.<\/p>\n<p>This requires a high level of self-awareness on the part of the counsellor so as to be able to put their own opinions and feelings aside and be fully integrated in what the client is bringing.<\/p>\n\t<p>Nelson-Jones (2013) helpfully outlines the difference between responding from your world view <em>(<strong>external frame of reference<\/strong>)<\/em> and trying to see the world from someone else&#8217;s perspective <em>(<strong>internal frame of reference<\/strong>). <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Notice in the passage below how two distinct qualities are asked for when trying to understand someone.<\/em> The first is a desire to understand; the second is having the skills to be able to respond appropriately.<\/p>\n<p>He observes:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>&#8220;The skill of listening to and understanding clients is based on choosing to acknowledge the separateness between &#8216;me&#8217; and &#8216;you&#8217; by getting inside clients&#8217; internal frame of reference rather than remaining in your own external frame of reference. If counselling skills students respond to what clients say in ways that show accurate understanding of their perspectives, you respond as if inside the client&#8217;s internal frame of reference. However, if you choose not to show understanding of your clients&#8217; perspectives or lack the skills to understand them, you respond from the external frame of reference.&#8221; <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\t<h4>Examples of Internal\/External frames of reference<\/h4>\n\t<p><strong>External frame of reference responses<\/strong> <em>(<\/em><em>Responding from your world view)<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8216;I wouldn&#8217;t have done that.&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>&#8216;You should have asked her to leave and never come back.&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>&#8216;I think you should leave him.&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>&#8216;I go to the gym when I feel depressed.&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>&#8216;Don&#8217;t be afraid to cry.&#8217;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/entering-the-clients-frame-of-reference-in-counselling.jpg\" alt=\"The counsellor acts as a 'companion' to the client by entering their frame of reference and seeing the world as they do.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"280\" width=\"360\" title=\"entering the client's frame of reference in counselling\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t<p>The counsellor acts as a &#8216;companion&#8217; to the client by entering their frame of reference and seeing the world as they do.<\/p>\n\t<p><strong>Internal frame of reference responses <\/strong><em>(Reflecting the client&#8217;s world view)<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8216;You feel happy that you&#8217;ve passed your assignment.&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>&#8216;You feel sad that your father has died.&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>&#8216;You&#8217;re uncertain about whether you should have told what you thought.&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>&#8216;You&#8217;re really in two minds as to whether you should go on a date with him.&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>&#8216;You feel glad that you&#8217;ve resigned from your job.&#8217;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<h3>What skills does the counsellor use?<\/h3>\n\t<p>Entering to a counselling-frame of reference\u00a0requires\u00a0you to use a <em>mixture of skills<\/em> at an appropriate time. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The skill of <a href=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/basic-counselling-skills\/the-meaning-of-attending\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attending<\/a> is used at the beginning of the session,\u00a0to enable clients\u00a0to feel accepted.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/contracting-the-core-conditions-and-silence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Silence<\/a> is also important as it allows the client to share their\u00a0story.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/basic-counselling-skills\/reflecting-and-paraphrasing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reflecting<\/a> emotions and paraphrasing help the client hear that you are understanding them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<hr \/>\n<blockquote><p><em>Psychological disturbance is caused by conditions of worth and introjected values &#8230;\u00a0The counsellor acts as a &#8216;companion&#8217; to the client by entering their frame of reference and seeing the world as they do.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n\t<h3>What about the Core Conditions?<\/h3>\n\t<p>To enter a client&#8217;s frame of reference, a counsellor needs to possess and demonstrate the following\u00a0personal\u00a0qualities, sometimes\u00a0referred to as the <a href=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-approaches\/person-centred-approach-to-counselling\/carl-rogers-core-conditions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Core Conditions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Empathy <\/strong>&#8211; the ability not only to hear but to feel the client&#8217;s emotions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Congruence<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; the client needs to see that you are a real person genuinely interested in them.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Unconditional Positive Regard <\/strong>&#8211; the ability\u00a0of the therapist\u00a0to listen without judgement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t<h3>Free Handout Download<\/h3>\t\t\n\t\t\t<p>Frame of Reference<\/p>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#cb3c90668f\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tClick Here to Download Free Handout\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t<h3>How is therapeutic\u00a0change achieved?<\/h3>\n\t<p>Person-Centred Theory believes that<strong> psychological disturbance is caused by <a href=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/006-counselling-assignment-tips-conditions-of-worth-focusing-and-measuring-self-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conditions of worth <\/a>and introjected values.<\/strong> For example, a client\u00a0who has been told throughout their lives that they are stupid and\u00a0worthless.<\/p>\n<p>The counsellor acts as a &#8216;companion&#8217; to the client by entering their frame of reference and seeing the world as they do.<\/p>\n<p>The theory states that slowly the client starts to build self-acceptance and internal trusting. This is sometimes referred to as <a href=\"https:\/\/web.missouri.edu\/~sheldonk\/pdfarticles\/JP03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>organismic\u00a0valuing<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The client&#8217;s self-defeating cycle is broken. Now free of others&#8217; judgments, they can trust their own instincts and live life on their own terms.<\/p>\n\t<h4>References<\/h4>\n<p>Rogers, C.\u00a0<i>A Way of Being<\/i>, (1980) edn., New York: Houghton Mifflin .P140<\/p>\n<p>Nelson-Jones, R. (2013).\u00a0<em>Introduction to counselling skills<\/em>. Los Angeles: SAGE, p.23.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Page updated April 2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to Develop Empathic Understanding Counselling &#8211; Frame of Reference Frame of reference was first used by Carl Rogers, the founder of person-centred therapy, in 1959. He believed: &#8220;The state of empathy, or being empathic, is to perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy and with the emotional components and meanings which [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5810,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,653,244,259,240,248,241,374],"tags":[333,457,688,690,61,365,689,687,334,510,443,17,368,415,691],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Counselling-Frame of Reference &#8226; Counselling Tutor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Counselling-Frame of Reference &#8226; Counselling Tutor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to Develop Empathic Understanding Counselling &#8211; Frame of Reference Frame of reference was first used by Carl Rogers, the founder of person-centred therapy, in 1959. He believed: &#8220;The state of empathy, or being empathic, is to perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy and with the emotional components and meanings which [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Counselling Tutor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CounsellingStudyResource\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-01-12T12:23:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-13T08:17:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"730\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rory\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rory\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rory\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/4d1ad709dc4a069cf8288a4ec8db1871\"},\"headline\":\"Counselling-Frame of Reference\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-12T12:23:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-13T08:17:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/\"},\"wordCount\":898,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Carl Ransom Rogers\",\"carl rogers\",\"Carl Rogers A Way of Being\",\"congruence\",\"counselling\",\"Diploma in counselling\",\"empathy\",\"Frame of Reference\",\"person centred therapy\",\"phenomenology\",\"psychotherapy\",\"Rory Lees-Oakes\",\"Student counsellor\",\"the core conditions\",\"unconditional p[ositive regard\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Carl Rogers\",\"Counselling Personal Development\",\"Counselling Practice\",\"Counselling Skills\",\"Counselling Theory\",\"General Interest\",\"Mental Health\",\"Research\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/\",\"name\":\"Counselling-Frame of Reference &#8226; Counselling Tutor\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-01-12T12:23:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-13T08:17:28+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg\",\"width\":730,\"height\":350},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Counselling-Frame of Reference\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/\",\"name\":\"Counselling Tutor\",\"description\":\"Counsellor CPD- Training and Counselling Student Resources\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Counsellor Tutor Ltd\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Counselling-Tutor-logo-403-x-93.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Counselling-Tutor-logo-403-x-93.png\",\"width\":403,\"height\":99,\"caption\":\"Counsellor Tutor Ltd\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CounsellingStudyResource\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/4d1ad709dc4a069cf8288a4ec8db1871\",\"name\":\"Rory\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ec16960b56ade26186a4a473b454f98?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ec16960b56ade26186a4a473b454f98?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Rory\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Counselling-Frame of Reference &#8226; Counselling Tutor","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Counselling-Frame of Reference &#8226; Counselling Tutor","og_description":"How to Develop Empathic Understanding Counselling &#8211; Frame of Reference Frame of reference was first used by Carl Rogers, the founder of person-centred therapy, in 1959. He believed: &#8220;The state of empathy, or being empathic, is to perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy and with the emotional components and meanings which [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/","og_site_name":"Counselling Tutor","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CounsellingStudyResource\/","article_published_time":"2017-01-12T12:23:17+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-07-13T08:17:28+00:00","og_image":[{"width":730,"height":350,"url":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Rory","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rory","Estimated reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/"},"author":{"name":"Rory","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/4d1ad709dc4a069cf8288a4ec8db1871"},"headline":"Counselling-Frame of Reference","datePublished":"2017-01-12T12:23:17+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-13T08:17:28+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/"},"wordCount":898,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg","keywords":["Carl Ransom Rogers","carl rogers","Carl Rogers A Way of Being","congruence","counselling","Diploma in counselling","empathy","Frame of Reference","person centred therapy","phenomenology","psychotherapy","Rory Lees-Oakes","Student counsellor","the core conditions","unconditional p[ositive regard"],"articleSection":["Carl Rogers","Counselling Personal Development","Counselling Practice","Counselling Skills","Counselling Theory","General Interest","Mental Health","Research"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/","url":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/","name":"Counselling-Frame of Reference &#8226; Counselling Tutor","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg","datePublished":"2017-01-12T12:23:17+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-13T08:17:28+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/CT-Frame-of-Reference-1.jpg","width":730,"height":350},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/counselling-frame-of-reference\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Counselling-Frame of Reference"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/","name":"Counselling Tutor","description":"Counsellor CPD- Training and Counselling Student Resources","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#organization","name":"Counsellor Tutor Ltd","url":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Counselling-Tutor-logo-403-x-93.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Counselling-Tutor-logo-403-x-93.png","width":403,"height":99,"caption":"Counsellor Tutor Ltd"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CounsellingStudyResource\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/4d1ad709dc4a069cf8288a4ec8db1871","name":"Rory","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ec16960b56ade26186a4a473b454f98?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ec16960b56ade26186a4a473b454f98?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Rory"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5671"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5671"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70129,"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5671\/revisions\/70129"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/counsellingtutor.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}